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First Pan Pacific 


Scientific Conference 


Under the Auspices of the 


PAN PACIFIC UNION 


HONOLULU, HAWAII 


August 2 to 20, 1920 


ORGANIZATION 
BiV@ GEE DIN Gs 
RES ORUTTO NS 


HONOLULU, NOVEMBER, 10920 


The Scientific Conference was the first of a series of conferences 
to be held in Honolulu under the auspices of the Pan-Pacific Union. 
The purpose of the Conference was to outline the scientific problems 
of the Pacific Ocean region and suggest methods for their solution. 
The Conference undertook to take stock of our present knowledge of 
the Pacific area, its geography and geology, its plants and animals 
and the races of men which inhabit it, and proceeding from this com- 
prehensive view to formulate the programs for future research. 


CONTENTS 


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Delegates Soo ge Oe 22 


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ORGANIZATION 


@hairimian.: 22s eet. Herpert FE. Grecory 
Vice-Chairman ands ecretary....:-....21 ArtHUR L. DEAN 


EXECUTIVE AND ProcraM COMMITTEE 


The Chairman, the Vice-Chairman and the Leaders of the 


Sections. : 
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS. 


Herbert E. Gregory, Chairman. A. L. Dean, T. Wayland 
Vaughan, Henry S. Washington. 


COMMITTEE OF THE PANn-Paciric UNION. 


George P. Denison, Chairman. F. C. Atherton, C. K. Ai, W. 
R. Castle, W. F. Frear; A. Lewis, Jr., Prince Kuhio Kala- 
nianaole, Vaughan MacCaughey, |. Mori, R. H. Trent; Ex- 
officio: the President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Pan- 
Pacific Union. 


CoMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS. 


John R. Galt, Chairman. Robbins B. Anderson, Lyman H. 
Bigelow, C. H. Edmondson, Alonzo Gartley, T. A. Jaggar, 
Jr., Lorrin A. Thurston, Gerrit P. Wilder. Secretary, Miss 
A. Y. Satterthwaite. 


ORGANIZATION OF SECTIONS. 
ANTHROPOLOGY 
Leader, Clark Wissler, Curator of Anthropology, American 
Museum of Natural History, New York City. 
Secretary, John F. G. Stokes, Anthropologist, Bernice P. 
Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 
BIoLocy 
Leader, Charles Chilton, Professor of Biology, Canterbury 
College, Christchurch, New Zealand. 
Secretary, C. H. Edmondson, Professor of Zoology, Uni- 
versity of Hawaii. 
BoTANY 
Leader, W. E. Safford, Economic Botanist, United States 
Department of Agriculture. 


[3] 


4 Pan-PaciFic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





Secretary, Charles N. Forbes, Curator of Botany, Bishop 
Museum; Mrs. Forest B. H. Brown, Research Associate 
in Botany, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 


ENTOMOLOGY 

Leader, F. Muir, Entomologist, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ 
Association. 

Secretary, D. T. Fullaway, Entomologist, Board of Agricul- 
ture and Forestry, Territory of Hawaii. 

GEOGRAPHY 

Leader, William Bowie, Chief Division of Geodesy, United 
States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

Secretary, G. W. Littlehales, Geographer, U. S. Bureau of 
Navigation. 

Sub-Sections: Geodesy and Topography, N. Yamasaki, 
Chairman; ‘Terrestrial Magnetism, J. T. Watkins, 
Chairman; Meteorology, L. H. Daingerfield, Chair- 
man; Physical Oceanography, G. F. McEwen, Chair- 
man. | 

GEOLOGY 

Leader, T. Wayland Vaughan, United States Geological 
Survey. 

Secretary, Harold S. Palmer, Assistant Professor of Geol- 
ogy, University of Hawaii. 


SEISMOLOGY AND VOLCANOLOGY 
Leader, Fusakichi Omori, Director, Seismological Institute, 
Tokvo, Japan. 
Secretary, T. A. Jaggar, Jr., Director, Hawaiian Volcano 
Research Observatory. — 


PRoe hi bINGs ObMEEHeCHNERAT) SESSIONS 


MONDAY: AUGUST 2, 9:00 axm. 
Chairman: Herbert E. Gregory. 
ADDRESSES OF WELCOME. 


Hon. C. J. McCarthy, Governor of Hawaii. 

Hon. George R. Carter, ex-Governor of Hawaii. 

A. L. Dean, President, University of Hawaii. 

H. P. Agee, Director, Experiment Station of the Hawaiian 
Sugar Planters’ Association. 

A. F. Judd, President, Board of Trustees, Bernice Pauahi 
Bishop Museum. 


ADDRESSES ON SALIENT FEATURES OF SCIENCE IN HAWAII. 


William T. Brigham: Anthropology. 
Charles N. Forbes: Botany. 

Otto H. Swezey: Entomology. 

H. A. Pilsbry: Conchology. 


READ BY TITLE. 


Charles H. Edmondson: Marine Biology. 
Lawrence H. Daingerfield: Meteorology. 
T. A. Jaggar: Volcanology. 


MONDAY VAUGU SL ¥2,.2-00%p,.m. 
Chairman: Herbert E. Gregory. 


ORGANIZATION OF THE CONFERENCE. 


Following preliminary statements regarding the plans for 
entertainment and the trip to Hawaii, the Chairman opened the 
subject of the organization of the Conference. It was 

Voted: That the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, and the Lead- 
ers of the Sections constitute an executive and program com- 
mittee. 

[5] 


6 Pan-PaciFfic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 














TUESDAY, AUGUS T#35G oomaa i) 


Chairman: C. M. Fraser. 

Subject: Ocean Currents and Their Significance. 

George F. McEwen: The Pacific Ocean and Its Impor- 
tance to Pacific Countries. 

G. W. Littlehales: The Hydrographic Aspects of Ocean 
Currents. 

N. Yamasaki: Oceanographic Research in Japan. 

Lawrence H. Daingerfield: Meteorological Aspects of 
Ocean Currents. 

R. A. Daly, of Harvard University: Some Suggestions for 
Geological Research in the Pacific Islands. (Read by the Sec- 
retary. ) 

R. C. Wells: Chemistry of Natural Waters. 

H. S. Washington: Relations of Geological Change to 
Ocean Currents. 

Wm. Bowie: Influence of Isostasy on Ocean Currents. 

J. T. Watkins: Inshore Currents. 


WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4. 


No general sessions. The delegates made the trip around 
the island of Oahu with informal addresses at points of interest. 


THURSDAY.) AWG US Pate O200n ann 


Chairman: Joseph A. Cushman. 

Subject: Hawaiian Flora and Fauna. 

Forest B. H. Brown:. The Origin of Hawaiian Flora. 

F. Muir: The Origin of the Hawaiian Flora and Fauna. 

H. A. Pilsbry: The Dispersal and Affinities of Polynesian 
Land Snail Faunas. 

W. A. Bryan: Origin of Hawaiian Flora and Fauna. 

Discussion by: Alfred G. Mayor, William FE. Safford, Paul 
Bartsch clee ae elsbnys 


FRIDAY, AUGUST 6,6 :00"amm: 


Chairman: F. Wood-Jones. 
Subject: Race Relations in the Pacific. 
H. E. Gregory: The Dominick Expedition. 


PROCEEDINGS 7 





A. G. Mayor: Similarity Between Japanese and Polyne- 
sians. 

A. F. Judd: Scarcity of Proper Wall Maps and Teachers 
Familiar With Geography of Pacific Lands. 

Clark Wissler: Man in the Pacific. 

A. L. Kroeber: Anthropology of the Philippines. 

L. R. Sullivan: Physical Anthropology in Polynesia. 

Alfred Tozzer: Anthropological Study of the Hawaiian 
Race. 

J. F. G. Stokes: Religious Significance of Polynesian 
Feather Work. 

T. G. Thrum: Hawaiian Archaeology—Temple Structure. 

Discussion by: W. E. Safford, Chas. Hedley, A. G. Mayor, 
Forest Brown. 


Se LURDAY, AUGUS1)7, 0:00 a.m; 


Chaitmian sco A. Cotton, 

Subject: Relation of Ocean Currents to Marine Organisms. 

Paul Bartsch: Ocean Currents, the Prime Factor in the 
Distribution of Marine Mollusks on the West Coast of America. 

H. F. Moore: Relation of Ocean Currents to Fish. 

T. C. Frye: Ocean Currents and the Problem of More 
Food for Man. 

Wm. E. Safford: Dispersal of Plants by Ocean Currents. 

Discussion by: H. A. Pilsbry, G. F. McEwen, T. Wayland 
Vaughan, Charles Hedley, G. W. Littlehales, A. G. Mayor, 
Charles Chilton, C. M. Fraser. 


AUGUST 8 to AUGUST 13 


The delegates visited the Islalnd of Hawaii, devoting spe- 
cial attention to the crater of Kilauea. 


Be LW Ae UG Uo lata 60 (00-4. m, 


Chairman: T. Wayland Vaughan. 

Subject: The Framework of the Pacific. 

EF. C. Andrews: The Structural Unity of the Suboceanic 
Mass of the Pacific Ocean. 

R. T. Chamberlin: Framework of the Pacific and Its Re- 
lation to the Americas. 


8 Pan-PaciFric SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





F. Omori: Geographic Distribution of Volcanoes in the 
Pacitic: 

Wm. Bowie: The Bearing of Geodetic Investigation on the 
Knowledge of the Geologic Structure of the Pacific. 

Discussion by: H. S$. Washington, C. A. Sussmilch, T. A. 
Jaggar, W. D. Smith, L. A. Cotton, Wm. Bowie, R. C. Wells, 


MONDAY, AUGUST 16,°6:00- a5 im. 


Chairman: J. Allan Thomson. 

Subject: Mapping of the Pacific. 

William Bowie: Shore Lines of the Pacific. 

G. R. Davis: Coast and Island Topography. 

T. Wayland Vaughan: Sedimentation and Bottom Configu- 
ration. 

George F. McEwen: Recommendations Concerning Inves- 
tigations of the Pacific Ocean Waters. 

G. W. Littlehales: The Deeps of the Pacific Ocean. 

N. Yamasaki: Islands of the South Pacific. 

J. T. Watkins: The Survey of the Shoreline and Coastal 
Waters of the Pacific Ocean. 

FE. A. Beals: The Importance for Weather Forecasting of 
a Thorough Knowledge of the Pacific. 

Discussion we H. F. Moore, Paul Bartsch, H. C. Richards, 
L. As Cotton, M. Fraser, J. Allan Themen AGM aya 
T. Wayland an Ra Ga ells: 


TUESDAY, AUGUsS Is17 20 00ta. mm! 


Chairman: Elmer D. Merrill. 

Subject: Presentation by Sections of Programs of Re- 
search. 

The Leaders reported the resolutions recommended by their 
Sections. 

Clark Wissler: For the Section of Anthropology. 

C. M. Fraser: For the Section of Biology. 

Wm. E. Safford: For the Section of Botany. 

Wm. Bowie: For the Section of Geography. 

T. Wayland Vaughan: For the Section of Geology. 

T. A. Jaggar, Jr.: For the Section of Seismology and Vol- 
canology. 

Following the discussion of the resolutions it was 


PROCEEDINGS 9 





Voted: To print the proposed resolutions and distribute 
copies among the delegates for their study. 

Voted: To refer the proposed resolutions to the Publica- 
tion Committee for revision with instructions to report back to 
the general session of the Conference to be held August 20. 


WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18, 9:00 a. m. 


Chairman: N. Yamasaki. 

Subject: Training of Scientists for Pacific Work. 

Addresses by: A. L. Dean, Wm. Bowie, H. C. Richards, 
W. E. Safford, A. F. Judd, E. C. Andrews, B. W. Evermann, 
Paul Bartsch, Chas. Chilton, H. E. Gregory, Josephine Tilden, 
eeeeootton, ©. Milraser) Ls W. Vatichan. 


THURSDAY, AUGUST 19, 9:00 a. m. 


Chairman: C. A. Sussmilch. 

Subject: Means and Methods of Cooperation. 

The following delegates addressed the conference in be- 
half of the several institutions represented by them. 

H. C. Richards: The University of Queensland. 

Barton W. Evermann: The California Academy of Sciences. 

J. Allan Thomson: The Government of New Zealand, In- 
stitutions of New Zealand and Individual Scientists. 

C. M. Fraser: The Biological Station, Nanaimo, B. C. 

Charles Hedley: The Australian Museum, Sydney. 

John B. Henderson: The United States National Museum. 

K. Kishinouye: Japan. 

George F. McEwen: The Scripps Institution for Biological 
Research, of the University of California. 

William E. Ritter: (Read by G. F. McEwen)—The Role 
of the Scripps Institution in a Program of Pacific Exploration. 

A. F. Judd: The Bernice P. Bishop Museum. 

H. A. Pilsbry: The Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. 

Elmer D. Merrill: The Philippine Bureau of Science. 

E. O. Hovey: The American Museum of Natural History. 

William E. Safford: The United States Department of 
Agriculture. 

Charles Chilton: Canterbury College, Christchurch, N. Z. 

H. F. Moore: The United States Bureau of Fisheries. 


10 PaNn-PAcIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





T. C. Frye: The Puget Sound Biological Station of the 


University of Washington. 
Josephine Tilden: Inland Universities. 


FRIDAY, AUGUS 1220702007 a. in. 


Chaitinan seen. le Deans 

Subject: Adoption of Resolutions. 

Resolutions were presented by: 

F. Wood-Jones on Anthropology, 

Charles Chilton on Biology, 

W. E. Safford on Botany, 

William Bowie on Geography, 

T. Wayland Vaughan on Geology, 

T. A. Jaggar, Jr., on Seismology and Volcanology. 

General Resolutions were presented by: 

H. E. Gregory on Ships for Exploration, 

William Bowie on the International Research Council, 

H. E. Gregory on Future Conferences, 

H. FE. Gregory on Permanent Organization, 

A. L. Dean on Promotion of Education. 

The resolutions as adopted are printed elsewhere. 

H. S. Washington presented a resolution thanking the insti- 
tutions and individuals in Hawaii whose cooperation and hospi- 
tality had contributed to the success of the Conference and the 
pleasure of the Delegates. 

It was voted to request the Bishop Museum to preserve the 
records of the Conference, to publish and distribute the re- 
ports, papers and proceedings, and to act as representative of 
the members of the Conference after its adjournment. 

It was voted that the Delegates from each country repre- 
sented at the Conference elect one of their number to serve on 
a committee to arrange for future Conferences. The following 
were selected to serve with Herbert E. Gregory: E. C. Andrews, 
Australia; CoM Fraser, Canadas fs @inories japan liatics 
Chilton, New Zealand; T. Wayland Vaughan, United States. 


PROCEEDINGS Ome LHEy SECPIONS. 


SEC MONBORea LW ROPOLOGY. 


Monday, August 2. 


The Section was organized with Clark Wissler, Leader, 
and J. F. G. Stokes Secretary. The work of the Section was 
outlined. 

Tuesday, August 3. 


On plans for an extended exploration of the Pacific, and 
on the characteristics of the Hawaiians in 1864-5. William 
T. Brigham. 


Thursday, August 5. 


Report of the Archaeological Committee, presented by J. 
TG: Stokes. 
Report of the Committee on Linguistics, presented by 
Evel l<toeber. 
Friday, August 6. 


Hawaiian Temples. Thomas G. Thrum. Read by Gerard 
Fowke. 

Anthropology of Formosa. N. Yamasaki. 

Kitchen Middens of Japan. K. Kishinouye. 

Anthropology in Australia. F. Wood-Jones. 

Influence of Insects on Race Distribution. F. Muir 


Monday, August 16. 


Notes on the Migrations and Dispersals of the Polyne- 
sian. wl E.G? Stokes: 

Alleged Similarity of Fortified Villages in New Zealand 
and Fiji. J. Allan Thomson. 

Committee appointed to formulate a statement regarding 
the value of records of early Spanish and Whaling Voyages. 


Tuesday, August 17. 


Report of Committee on Spanish and Whaling Voyages, 
presented by F. Wood-Jones. 


[11] 


2 PaNn-PAcific SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





Letter from Charles B. Davenport on the “Type Unit” 
Method of investigation. 

Letter from David Fairchild of the American Genetic 
Association on the subject of heredity. 

Consideration of resolutions to be presented to the general 
sessions of the Conference. 

Suggestions on botanical methods calculated to be of 
ethno-botanical value. Miss Josephine Tilden. Read by the 
Chairman. 


SECTION OF BBIOROG a 


Monday, August 2. 


Section organized with Charles Chilton, Leader, and 
C. H. Edmondson, Secretary. The program of work for the 
Section was outlined. 


Tuesday, August 3. 


Discussion of the distribution of animals in the Pacific. 

Joseph A, Cushman: Distribution of Foraminifera. 

Paul Bartsch, John B. Henderson, and Henry A. Pilsbry: 
Distribution of Mollusca. 

Charles Chilton: Distribution of Amphipods and Isopods. 

F. Muir and O. H. Swezey: Distribution of Insects. 

Charles H. Edmondson: Shallow Water Crustacea. 

K. Kishinouye: Relationships of the Fauna of Japanese 
Waters. 

C. M. Fraser: Distribution of Hydroids. 

T. Wayland Vaughan: Distribution of Corals. 

The general conclusion was that the weight of evidence 
supports a closer relationship with Indo-Pacific forms than 
with those of American shores. 


Thursday, August 5. 


Illustrated lecture, New Zealand’s Call to the Botanist, by 
Charles Chilton. 


Friday, August 6. 


Joint meeting with Section of Geology. For program see 
report of Geology Section. 


PROCEEDINGS 13 





Saturday, August 14. 


The Fisheries of Japan. K. Kishinouye. 

Ocean Pastorage and Ocean Fisheries, a paper sent to the 
Conference by W. E. Allen of the Scripps Institution for Biolog- 
ical Research of the University of California. 

The Necessity for Conservation of Fish Resources. Bar- 
ton W. Evermann. 

Further Data Showing the Necessity for Conservation of 
the Fish Supply. C. M. Fraser. 

The Present Inadequacy of Statistics of Fisheries. H. F. 
Moore. 

Monday, August 16. 

Joint Meeting of the Sections of Botany and Zoology de- 
voted to discussion of Biological Stations and other Scientific 
Institutions bordering the Pacific. 

The Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia. C. M. 
Fraser. 

The Biological Station, Friday Harbor. T. C. Frye. 

The Biological Station of Minnesota. Miss Josephine E. 
Tilden. 

The Biological Station of California, and the Work of the 
Fish and Game Commission. Barton W. Evermann. 

Biological Station in Australia. Chas. Hedley. 

The Work of the National Museum. Paul Bartsch. 

The Work of the Boston Society of Natural History. 
Joseph E. Cushman. 

The work of the Natural History Society of Philadelphia. 
Foes Filsbry. 

Biological Work in Japan. K. Kishinouye. 

The Work of the Philippnie Bureau of Science. Elmer D. 
Merrill. 

The Work in Entomology in Honolulu. O. H. Swezey. 

The Biological Station of the University of Hawaii. C. H. 
Edmondson. 

The Bureau of Fisheries. H. F. Moore. 

The Biological Station of New Zealand. Charles Chilton. 

Consideration of resolutions to be presented to the general 
Conference. 


14 Pan-PaciFic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 








Tuesday, August 18. 


Experimens on the Growth of Reef Organisms. Frank 
Potts. 

Discussion of the effect of temperature on the size of marine 
organisms, participated in by C. M. Fraser, H. F. Moore, C. H. 
Edmondson, B. W. Evermann, Paul Bartsch. 

Breeding Experiments. Paul Bartsch. 
Presentation of proposed program of research in Pacific 
Ocean Algae by Miss Josephine E. Tilden. 


Wednesday, August 19. 


Discussion of resolutions to be presented to the general 
Conference. 


SECTION®OE BOLANY, 


Monday, August 2. 


Section organized with William E. Safford, Leader, and 
C. N. Forbes, Secretary. The work of the Section was outlined. 
Ethno-Botany of the Polynesians. William E. Safford. 


Tuesday, August 3. 


The American Element in Hawaiian Vegetation. Forest 
B. H. Brown. 

Cultivated Plants of the Pacific Islands as an Index to the 
Migrations of the Polynesians. W. E. Safford. 


Thursday, August 5. 


Joint meeting of the Sections of Botany and Zoology. 
New Zealand’s Call to the Botanist, an illustrated lecture 
by Charles Chilton. 
Friday, August 6. 
The Tapestry Forests of the Island of Oahu. Vaughan 
MacCaughey. 


Saturday, August 14. 


Owing to the death of Charles N. Forbes, Mrs. Forest 
Brown was appointed secretary. 

Some Problems in Plant Physiology and Ecology in Ha- 
waii. H. F. Bergman. 

The Field Label in Botany. Elmer D. Merrill. 


PROCEEDINGS i 





Monday, August 106. 


Joint meeting of the Section of Botany with the Section of 
Biology. For program see “Section of Biology.” 


Wednesday, August 18. 


The Flora and Phytogeography of Japan and Adjoining 


Regions. K. Shibata. 
Notes on the Algae of the Northwest Coast. T. C. Frye. 
The Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Leon M. Guer- 


LELO. 


SECTION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
Wednesday, August 4. 


Section organized with F. Muir, Leader, and D. T. Fulla- 


way, Secretary. 
Assignment of topics to members of the Section. 


Tuesday, August 17. 


Some Problems in Hawaiian Entomology. F. Muir. 

Need of Further Exploration and Study of the Hawaiian 
Insect Fauna and Value of Such Study in the Exploration of 
the: Pacific. ©. H. Swezey: 

Some Aspects of Economic Entomology in Hawaii. D. T. 


Fullaway. 
What Horticultural Inspection Has Done and Can Do for 


Hawaii. E. M. Ehrhorn. 

Ideas on How an Entomological Expedition Should be 
Conducted. F. X. Williams. 

Medical Entomology. D. L. Crawford. 

Discussion on the necessity for further entomological ex- 


ploration in the Pacific area. 


SECLTIONS OR GEOGRAPHY. 


Monday, August 2. 


Section organized with William Bowie, Leader, and 
G. W. Littlehales, Secretary. The work of the Section was 


outlined. 


16 PAN-PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





Tuesday, August 3. 


Observations of ‘Temperature and Salinity at Selected 
Coastal Stations in Japan; accompanied by an index-chart show- 
ing the location and extent of regularly observed hydrographical 
sections on the coast of Japan. K. Kishinouye. 

The Desirability of Supplying Information in Greater Detail 
Upon Sea Charts. N. Yamasaki. 

The Extent to which the Contours of Configuration of the 
Basin of the Pacific Ocean have been Made Known by Deep-sea 
Soundings; including an account of methods of deep-sea sound- 
ings, and of the mathematical investigations which have been 
made to define the theoretical form of isolated submarine peaks, 
and the intervals which should obtain between deep-sea sound- 
ings to disclose the topography of the bottom of the ocean. 
G. W. Littlehales. 

The Investigations in Physical Oceanography of the Scripps 
Institution of the University of California. George F. McEwen. 


Thursday, August 5. 


The Growth and Present Extent of Ocean Magnetic Sur- 
veys, with an account of the investigations in Terrestrial Mag- 
netism by American Institutions. J. T. Watkins. 

The Purposes, Instruments and Methods of the Hawaiian 
Magnetic Observatory, with Its Records and Publications. Har- 
old McComb. 

On the Atmospheric Electricity of the Hawaiian Islands. 
Lawrence H. Daingerfield. 


Friday, August 6. 


Meteorological Centers of Action in the North Pacific 
Ocean. FE. A. Beals. 
Researches in the Geodetic Work of the Pacific. William 


Bowie. 
Saturday, August 14. 
Extent of Geographical Surveys in the Hawaiian Islands. 
George R. Davis. 
‘ Monday, August 16. 


Low-Sun Phenomena in Luzon. Willard J. Fisher. 
Tropical Geology and Engineering. Warren D. Smith. 


PROCEEDINGS 17 





Tuesday, August 17. 


Consideration of resolutions to be presented to the general 
sessions of the Conference. 


Wednesday, August 18. 


Consideration of resolutions to be presented to the general 
sessions of the Conference. 


SECIION OF GEOLOGY. 


Monday, August 2. 


T. Wayland Vaughan was selected Leader of the 
Section. "The Chariman outlined the work before the Section 
and a tentative program was arranged. 


Tuesday, August 3. 
Harold S$. Palmer was appointed Secretary of the Section. 
Presentation of formal papers was postponed until the arrival 
of the delegates from the south and west. 


Thursday, August 5. 

The Structural Framework of the Pacific. E. C. Andrews. 

The Melanesian Plateau, with Especial Reference to the 
Land Shell Fauna. Charles Hedley. 

Salient Features of the Geologic Structure of the Philip- 
pine and Neighboring Islands. Warren D. Smith. 

The Essential Structural Features of Japan. N. Yamasaki. 

The Relation of Gravimetric Surveys to the Framework of 
the Pacific Region. William Bowie. 

The Structure of the Cordilleras of North and South 
America. Rollin T. Chamberlin. 

The Structure of the Caribbean Region. T. Wayland 
Vaughan. 

Letters from Professor Bailey Willis of Stanford Uni- 
versity and Dr. Alfred H. Brooks of the U. S. Geological Sur- 
vey were read. 


Friday, August 6. 
The Basis of the Correlation of the Tertiary and Quater- 


nary Geologic Formations of the Pacific Islands. T. Wayland 
Vaughan. 


18 Pan-PaciFic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





Correlation of the Tertiary of Australia and Adjoining Re- 
gions 6 Ce. oussmilch, 

Correlation of the Geologic Formations of Australia. FE. C. 
Andrews. 

The Stratigraphy of the Philippine Islands. Warren D. 
Smith. 

The Fossil and Existing Foraminifera of the Atlantic and 
Pacific Regions. Joseph A. Cushman. 

The distribution of the molluscan fauna was discussed by 
H. A. Pilsbry, and that of the Foraminifera by T. W. Vaughan. 


Saturday, August 14. 


Geodetic Research in the Pacific Region. William Bowie: 
listened to jointly by the Sections of Geology and Geography. 

The Status of Areal Geologic Mapping in the Pacific Re- 
gion was discussed by T. Wayland Vaughan for the Americas; 
by J. Allan Thomson for New Zealand; by E. C. Andrews for 
New South Wales and the outer islands; by H. C. Richards for 
the rest of Australia; and by N. Yamasaki for Japan, Korea 
and China. 

It was proposed to summarize the progress in the Pacific 
region by a series of key maps. The work was divided as fol- 
lows: 


New Zealandte2 eee J. Allan Thomson 
Austtalia as t5 ae eee, E. C. Andrews 
The. Philippines...) 2 eee eee W. D. Smith 
Japan, Korea and Chit Kae PEs att N. Yamasaki 
North and South America and Dutch East 
Indies.2 3. coe nee T. Wayland Vaughan 
Antartica st 2.2: Girne eos eee USA. Cotten 


Monday, August 16. 


Indurated Glacial Clays from Australia. C. A. Sussmilch. 

The Status of Areal Geologic Mapping in the Philippines. 
Warren D. Smith. 

A letter from Dr. Alfred H. Brooks pointing out the need 
of work on the correlation of Alaskan areal stratigraphy with 
that of eastern Siberia and northwestern Canada was read. 

Consideration of resolutions to be presented to the general 
sessions of the Conference. 


PROCEEDINGS 19 





Tuesday, August 17. 


The Glaciation of the Mountains in Japan. N. Yamasaki. 

Discussion of Glaciation by T. Wayland Vaughan, Rollin 
T, Chamberlin, C. A. Sussmilch, EF. C. Andrews, T. A. Jaggar, Jr., 
Alfred G. Mayor, Paul Bartsch and, W. Alanson Bryan. 

Them Great Barrier Reet and the’ Reefss of Fiji. EH. C. 
Andrews. 

Coral Reefs on Tutuila. Rollin T. Chamberlin. 

The Ecology of the Reef Corals of Tutuila. Alfred G. 
Mayor. 

Chemical Investigations Relating to Corals. Roger C. Wells. 

Theories of the Formation of Coral Reefs. T. Wayland 
Vaughan. 


Wednesday, August 18. 


Possible Deformation Resulting from Slight Wanderings of 
ticstole; Sl Ay Cotton. 

Consideration of resolutions for presentation to the general 
sessions of the Conference. 


Thursday, August 19. 


Joint meeting with the Section of Volcanology and Seis- 
mology. 

Earthquake Frequency with Special Reference to Tidal 
Stresses in the Lithosphere. L. A. Cotton. 

Pic Craters and the Persistence of Vents, Henry 5. Wash- 
ington. 

The Chairman of the Section of Geology made the follow- 
ing assignments: 
Stratigraphic 


Country Geologic Mapping Gee causa 
New Zealand J. Allan Thomson J. Allan Thomson 
Australia EK. C. Andrews PiaGe Richards 
China, Korea, JapanmiN. Yamasaki N. Yamasaki 
North and South T. W. Vaughan T. W. Vaughan 
America 
Dutch East Indies T. W. Vaughan T. W. Vaughan 


Philippine Islands Warren D. Smith Warren D. Smith 

The work of the Committee on Sedimentation of the Di- 
vision of Geology and Geography of the United States National 
Research Council. T. Wayland Vaughan. 


20 PAaN-PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





SECTION OF SEISMOLOGY ANDSVOECANOLOGY 
Monday, August 2. 


Section organized with F. Omori, Leader, and TI. A. 
Jaggar, Jr., Secretary. The work of the section was outlined. 

The Growth of the Work of the Hawaiian Volcano Re- 
search Association. L. A. Thurston. 

The Organization of the International Research Council. 
H. S. Washington. 


Tuesday, August 3. 


Pulsatory Oscillations. F. Omori. 

The Present Status of the Seismological Work in the Pa- 
cific, a paper sent to the Conference by Otto Klotz, of the 
Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, Canada, and read by the Sec- 
retary. 

Extract from a letter by Harry Fielding Reid of Johns 
Hopkins University, dealing with seismology in the Pacific. 


Thursday, August 5. 
Volcano Types and the Chemistry of Magma. H. S. Wash- 


ington. 
Friday, August 6. 


Hawaiian Earthquakes. ‘T. A. Jaggar, Jr. 

Tectonic Controls in the Case of Volcanic Earthquakes. H. 
O. Wood. 

Volcanic Tremors and Volcanic Earthquakes. F. Omori. 


Monday, August 9. 
Volcano House, Hawaii. 
The Volcanoes of the Pacific. H. S. Washington. 
Tuesday, August Io. 


Volcano House, Hawaii. 


A Program of Experimental Volcanology. T. A. Jaggar, Jr. 
Earthquake Zones in and Around the Pacific. F. Omori. 
Regional Seismology vs. World Seismology. H. O. Wood. 


Saturday, August 14. 


Joint meeting with the Section of Geography. For pro- 
gram see report of the Section of Geography. 


PROCEEDINGS PI 





Sunday, August 15. 


Discussion of the resolutions to be presented to the general 
Conference. 


Monday, August 16. 


Report of the Section of Volcanology of the American 
Geophysical Union. H. S$. Washington. 


Tuesday, August 17. 


Discussion and Drafting of Resolutions. 


Wednesday, August 18. 


Joint meeting with the section of Geology; for program 
see report of that Section. 


Thursday, August 19. 


Joint meeting with the Section of Geology; for program see 
report of that Section. | 

The joint meeting was followed by a session of the Section 
of Seismology and Volcanology in which the following papers 
were presented. 

Seismical Phenomena at Samoa. G. Angenheister; read by 
Arnold Romberg. 

Historical Statement of the Growth of Seismology in the 
Philippines. M. S. Maso. 


Friday, August 20. 


Exhibition of records made with a special duplex pendu- 
lum, and maps of soundings in Kagoshima Bay before and after 
eruption of Sakurajima. F. Omori. 

Notes on Seismic Triangulation with Instruments of more 
than one Magnification for Regional Seismometry. H.O. Wood. 


DELEGATES PAN-PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC 
CONGRESS 


INEVDID, Jah 12s. 
Agriculturist, Director Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar 
Planters’ Association, Honolulu. 
IXUAVIEGIOING TR, bay 1B SE. 
Anthropologist, Public Museum, Milwaukee. 
ANDREWS, E. C., B. A., 
Geologist, Chief Geological Survey, New South Wales. 
BAK RAIS BRASS View Ace eels Vie Ds 
BARBER, EDWARD, 
Naturalist. 
TEV NIRIDSKOISE, IPANOME) 18% tho: Wil, tS, TEI MplDs, 
Zoolologist, Curator Division Marine Invertebrates, United States 
National Museum. 
BEALS, E. A. 
Meteorologist, U. S. Weather Bureau, San Francisco. 
BERGMAN, H. F., Ph.D., 
Professor of Botany, University of Hawaii. 
BOWIE, WILLIAM, B. S., C. E., M. A., Se.D. 
Hydrographic and Geodetic Hngineer, Chief Division of Geodesy, 
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. 
BRIGHAM, W. T., A. M., Sc.D., 
Ethnogolist, Director Emeritus, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 
Honolulu. 
BROWN, ELIZABETH, Ph, D.., 
Research Associate in Botany, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 
Honolulu. 
BROWN, FOREST B. H., M. S., Ph. D.. 
Botanist, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 
BRYAN, WILLIAM ALANSON, B. S. 
Zoologist. 
BRYAN, EDWIN -H., Jr., B. S. 
Assistant in Entomology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Hono- 
lulu. 
CAWIVINE las see, 
Assistant Pathologist, Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar 
Planters’ Association, Honolulu. 
CHAMBERLIN, ROLLIN T., B. S., Ph.D., 
Professor of Geology, University of Chicago. 
CHILTON CHAR TEE) Sie Him lergs coil Lame coms Cal) ome cme tva mm Oem lees 
Professor of Biology, Canterbury College, Christchurch, New 
Zealand. 
CORTON EH OPA Vine At Oo a5 ce 
Professor of Geology, University of Sydney, Australia. 
CRAWHORD’ DAW LD Mim \ViemeAc. 
Professor of Entomology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 
CUSHMAN. JOSH RHSASs Baas. b nes 
Zoologist, Museum Director Boston Society of Natural History. 


Pan-Py ACIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFE ARE NCE Za 





DAINGERFIELD, LAWRENCE H., Ph.D., 
Meteorologist, U. S. Weather Bureau, Honolulu. 
DAVIS, GEORGE R., 
Geographer, in Charge Pacific Division, U. 8. Geological Survey. 
DHAN, ARTHUR Ls Pbh:D: 
President, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 
IDL Tb pe SEIS 
Professor of Biology, University of Iowa. 
DILLINGHAM, FRANK T., A. M., 
Professor of Chemistry, University of Hawaii. 
DONAGHHO, JOHN S&., A. M., 
Professor of Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hawaii. 
EDMONDSON, C. H., Ph.D., 
Professor of Zoology, University of Hawaii. 
EHRHORN, HE. M., 
Entomologist, Board of en a, and Forestry, Honolulu. 
EMERSON, JOSEPH S., B. S., 
Ethnologist, President Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu. 
EMORY, KENNETH, B. S., 
Assistant Ethnologist, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 
EVERMANN, BARTON W., B. S., Ph.D., 
Zoologist, Director California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 
BES EU Res WerJdke blab 
Assistant Professor of Physics, University of Philippines. 
FORBES, CHARLES N., B. S., 
Curator of Botany, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 
FOWKHEH, GERARD, 
Archaeologist, Bureau of Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, 
Washington, D. C. 
EVANS BE Ven @onVicem Vise Ace Eten Ds 
Zoologist, Director Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia. 
IIR SCID), I Clog 1B Ss, TEED), 
Professor of Botany, University of Washington. 
TUT LVS WANE, ID), ME. ANS WNT 
Entomologist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu. 
GIFFARD, WALTER M., 
Entomologist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu. 
GILDER, W. A., 
Representative of Society for Protection of Native Races, Mel- 
bourne, Australia. 
GREGORY, HERBERT E., Ph.D., 
Director Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu; Professor of 
Geology, Yale University. 
GROSVENOR, GILBERT, A. M., 
President National Geographic Society, Editor-in-Chief National 
Geographic Magazine. 
GUERRERO, LEON M., Phar. D., 
Economic Botanist, Philippine Bureau of Science. 
HEDLEY, CHARLES, 
Zoologist, Curator Australian Museum, Sydney. 
HENDERSON, JOHN B., A. B., LL. D., 
Zoologist, Regent U. S. National Museum. 


24 DELEGATES 





HHNKEH, LOUIS A, B: S., 
Agriculturist, Professor of Agriculture, University of Hawaii. 
HOLM, ADOLF, 
Superintendent of Forest Nurseries, Hawaiian Sugar Planters 
Association, Honolulu. 
HOVEY, EDMUND OTIS, Ph.D., 
Geologist, Curator American Museum of Natural History, New 
NOrkKs 
TAG GAR eA) Cosme AGm eam Lats): 
Volcanoclogist, Director Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawaii. 
WOOD-JONES, FREDERICK, M. B., B. S., D. Se. 
Anthropologist, Professor of Anatomy, University of Adelaide. 
AMOMDIDE (Co tsk5 We Se 
Botanist, Superintendent of Forestry, Territory of Hawaii. 
KISHINOUYE. K., Sc.D., 
Professor of Fisheries, Tokyo Imperial University, Japan. 
KRAEBEL, CHARLES, A. B.., 
Assistant Superintendent of Forestry. Territory of Hawaii. 
KR OHBHR Aree Ag Vineness 
Professor of Anthropology, University of California. 
EMM IM ERED, ER WW, Ws IDR 
Hydrographic Engineer, U. S. Hydrographic Office. 
IGNGOIN, JBL Wes IPANIDY.. 
Botanist in charge Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar 
Planters’ Association, Honolulu. 
MacCAUGHEY, VAUGHAN, B. S., 
Botanist, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Honolulu. 
MASO, REV. FATHER MIGUEL §&., D. D., Ph. D., 
Seismologist, Chief Seismic and Magnetic Division, Philippine 
Weather Bureau. 
MAYOR, ALFRED G., M. E., Sc.D., 
Biologist, Director Department Marine Biology, Carnegie Insti- 
tution. 
M’COMB, HAROLL, 
Observer, Coast and Geodetic Survey, in charge Honolulu Mag- 
netic Observatory, Ewa, Oahu. 
McEWEN, GEORGE F., Ph.D., 
Oceanographer, Scripps Institution for Biological Research of the 
University of California, La Jolla, California. 
MERRILL, ELMER D., B. S., M. S., 
Botanist, Director Philippine Bureau of Science. 
MILLER, GHRRED SS Jt. Ase. 
Curator Division of Mammals, U. 8S. National Museum. 
MOORE, Hi. Ph.Ds 
Deputy Commissioner, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 
MORITZSON, A., 
Dunedin, New Zealand. 
MUIR, F., 
Entomologist, Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ 
Association, 
OMORI, FUSAKICHI, Sc.D., 
Professor of Seismology, Tokyo Imperial University, Japan. 





bo 
Sat 


Pan-PaciFic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





OSBORN] Ban. 
Assistant Entomologist, Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian 
Sugar Planters’ Association. 
O’TOOLE, GEORGE BARRY, Pbh.D., 
Professor of Biology, Seton Hill College, Greensburg, Pa. 
PALMER, H. 'S:, A.B: 
Assistant Professor of Geology, University of Hawaii. 
PEMBERTON, C. E., 
Assistant Entomologist. Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar 
Planters’ Association. 
IPL SIERO IEE, Wi, 1, Sin SID, 
Conchologist, Curator Department of Mollusks, Philadelphia Acad- 
emy of Sciences. 
ROUTES CAPT. WRAIN KS 
Zoologist, Fellow Trinity Hall, Balfour Student, Cambridge Uni- 
versity, England. 
RICHARDS, HENRY CASELIUI, Sc.D., 
Professor of Geology, University of Queensland, Australia. 
ROMBERG, ARNOLD, Ph.D., 
Seismologist, Professor of Physics, University of Hawaii. 
SAFFORD, WILLIAM E., Ph.D., 
Economic Botanist, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
SHIA HSU TAN, 
Chinese Consul, Honolulu. 
SHIRAI A Ke SCDs 
Professor of Botany, Tokyo Imperial University, Japan. 
SIMUEMSL, VWONMEIRIDING IDS. 18% Syn Sil, Jl, 1A Dy 
Professor of Geology, University of Oregon. 
STOKES, J. EF. G., 
Ethnologist, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 
SGMUIDIINININ LS 1G, RS IN, NG 
Anthropologist, American Museum of Natural History. 
SUSSMILCH GA. 


Geographer, Director School of Technology, Newcastle, New 
South Wales. 


SWEZHY, OTTO H., M. S., 
Entomologist, Curator of Entomology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop 
Museum, Honolulu. 
THOMSON, J. ALLAN, M. A., D. Sc. 
, Geologist, Director Dominion Museum, Wellington, New Zealand. 
THRUM, THOMAS 4G., 
Ethnologist, Editor “Hawaiian Annual” and “Fornander Papers,” 
Honolulu. 


TILDEN, JOSEPHINE E., B. S., M. S., 
Professor of Botany, University of Minnesota. 
GMI EHDIR LYN D, 1R, Val. Ns IME. 
Agsistant Entomologist, Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar 
Planters’ Association, Honolulu. 
TOZZER, ALFRED, M. A., Ph.D., 


Ethnologist, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Harvard Uni- 
versity, Cambridge, Mass. 


26 DELEGATES 





VAUGHAN DL WAYAND? Ba S..M. Al) Phos Ds 
Geologist, U. S. Geological Survey, in Charge of Coastal Plains In- 
vestigation and Geological Survey of Dominican and Haitian 
Republics. 
WALKER, COMMANDER R. L., 
Oceanographer, U. S. Naval Station, Pearl Harbor, Honolulu. 
WASHINGTON, HENRY S., A. M., Ph.D., 
Volcanologist, Carnegie Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 
WATKINS, COMMANDER J. T., 
Hydrographic and Geodetic Engineer. Chief Division Terrestrial 
Magnetism, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. 
WEINRICH, WILLIAM, 
Agriculturist, Hawaiian Pineapple Company. 
MVIDIDILISS, Ine, (Os, Leda De. 
Physical Chemist. U. S. Geological Survey. 
WESTGATE, J .M., M. 8S., 
Botanist, Director U. S. Experiment Station, Honolulu. 
WAN IYNgD), Ri, Th. 18, Sk. 
Assistant Entomologist, in charge Mediterranean Fruit Fly Inves- 
tigation, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Honolulu. 
WATE TASIS He exXee SC.) 
Assistant Entomologist, Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar 
Planters’? Association. 
WISSLER, CLARK, A. M., Ph.D., 
Anthrolopologist, Curator of Anthrolopology, American Museum of 
Natural History, New York. 
WOODS HR OsEAte vie 
Seismologist, National Research Council, Washington, D. C. 
YAMASAKI, N., Sc.D., 
Professor of Geography, Tokyo Imperial University, Japan. 


ESGHNERAT ARB SOLUTIONS. 


1. FUTURE CONFERENCES. 


Since the present Conference has been found highly inspir- 
ing and illuminating and an invaluable aid in defining the essen- 
tial problems of the Pacific Region, be it 


RESOLVED, That future similar conferences should be held 
at intervals of not over three years. 


2 PE RMANEN LeORGANIZATION, 


The results of the First Pan-Pacific Conference have dem- 
onstrated the high value of meetings for the discussion of prob- 
lems common to all countries whose interests lie wholly or in 
part within the Pacific area; and have shown that the problems 
relating to the welfare of Pacific peoples are too large and too 
complex to be solved satisfactorily except by sympathetic coop- 
eration of individual institutions and governmental agencies. To 
develop a unity of interest and to make harmonious coordination 
practicable, it seems desirable that some permanent organization 
be established which may serve as the point of contact for repre- 
sentatives of various interests in the countries of the Pacific. Be 
it therefore 


RESOLVED, That the attention of the Governor of Hawau 
be called to the great opportunity afforded by an organization 
designed for the advancement of the common interests of the 
Pacific, including scientific research, and to the desirability of 
taking action which may lead to the development of such an or- 
ganization vouched for and supported by the various Pacific 
countries. 


BUN PERNA TIONG Dae RE OPARCH COUNCIL. 


Since this Conference commends the organization of the In- 
ternational Research Council as a means toward coordinating re- 
search in science, be it 


RESOLVED, That it is the desire of this Conference that 
any agency created for the guidance of scientific research and ex- 
ploration in the Pacific region may be affiliated with the Council 
and with the various National Research Councils of the nations 
eisiicwracihc 


[27] 


28 PAan-PaciFic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





4. ~OHIPS FOR EXPEOR shION 


The cost of scientific researches in the Pacific which involve 
the continuous use of a ship is prohibitive for most scientific in- 
stitutions and individuals. The results of the Challenger and the 
Wilkes expeditions have demonstrated the great advantage gained 
by the use of government-owned ships for scientific exploration. 
Be it therefore 


RESOLVED, That the members of this Conference unite 
in inviting the attention of governments to the desirability of 
providing vessels for suitably planned expeditions. 


s. PROMOTION OF EDUCATION. 


The results of scientific research have led to extensions of 
human knowledge and to increased control of the forces and re- 
sources of nature the values of which cannot be measured. All 
scientific work which is well done is of value, and no man can 
predict to what useful purposes the results of any investigation, 
no matter how recondite, may be put. It is of fundamental im- 
portance that sufficient numbers of young men and women of first 
class ability shall be adequately trained, and that teachers and 
investigators shall be properly compensated. This Conference 
therefore 


RECOMMENDS: 


(a) That in order that young men may enter upon scientific 
careers without sacrificing all hope of reasonable financial re- 
turns, the compensation for instruction and for research in sci- 
ence be increased so that all can at least be assured of a comfort- 
able living for themselves and their families, and that men of ex- 
ceptional attainments may receive financial rewards which shall 
approximate those which their powers could command if directed 
to commercial ends. 


(b) ‘That persistent efforts be made to inform the public of 
the progress of science and of its bearings upon the practical af- 
fairs of life. 

(c) That to enlarge the experience and vision of the in- 
structors in the colleges and universities of the Pacific countries, 
making them thereby more competent and inspiring teachers, the 
exchange of teachers between institutions in different countries be 
encouraged and made possible. 

(d) That a clearing house of information relative to oppor- 


RESOLUTIONS 29 











tunities for scientific study and research in the Pacific area be 
established. 

(e) ‘That arrangements be perfected between the universi- 
ties and other research institutions whereby properly qualified stu- 
dents may move from institution to institution carrying on their 
work at the place or places where the best facilities are available 
for the special kind of work upon which each may be engaged. 

(f) That a considerable number of fellowships, with ade- 
quate stipends, be provided, which shall be looked upon as com- 
pensation for the faithful performance of scientific work, and that 
especially able work by young investigators be rewarded by sub- 
stantial prizes. 

(g) That to stimulate interest in the Pacific and inculcate a 
knowledge of its importance and unity, text books be pre- 
pared in which proper emphasis will be placed upon the Pacific 
area, its physical features, peoples, fauna, flora, resources, and 
trade, and that the schools in Pacific countries be encouraged to 
give instruction which will stimulate the interest and enthusiasm 
of young students in the objects and phenomena of their environ- 
ment. 


iN Gilt OROLOGY: 


1. NEED FOR POLYNESIAN RESEARCH. 


Recognizing the necessity for the immediate prosecution of 
anthropological research in Polynesia, this Conference calls the 
attention of governments, patrons of research, and research 
foundations to this important scientific need, and 


RECOMMENDS, That the most prompt and efficient steps 
be taken to record the data necessary to the understanding of 
man’s development in the Pacific area. 


Qe ACUI LIPS erORMINS TRUGCHIONTAND RESEARCH 
INTANTEROPOLOGY, 


Since there is urgent need both for anthropological research 
and the training of men and women therefor, .and since experi- 
ence has shown the advantage of close association between the 
graduate departments of universities and persons and institutions 
carrying on anthropological investigations, this Conference 


30 Pan-PaciFic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





RECOMMENDS, That centers be created for the study of 
anthropology and original research therein, such centers to be 
developed by the expansion of university departments or the 
alliance of universities with other research institutions with the 
result that these schools of anthropology shall combine all the 
essential features of a museum, a research staff, and a graduate 
school. And, further, because of the peculiar conditions under 
which anthropological data must be gathered, necessitating both 
intensive field work in circumscribed areas extending over several 
years, and intensive synthetic work by men who are masters in 
many fields, thus requiring a number of men through a period of 
years, we therefore recommend the establishment of research fel- 
lowships in Polynesian anthropology, such endowments being pro- 
vided that these fellowships will attract the best men available 
and provide for uninterrupted work during an adequate number 
of years. 


3, THE BAYARD DOMINICK EXPEDITION. 


It is evident that fuller knowledge of the history and culture 
of the Polynesian race is essential to the solution of the ethno- 
logic problems of the Pacific; and also that the opportunities for 
obtaining information are rapidly disappearing. It is therefore 
gratifying to learn that Mr. Bayard Dominick has conceived a 
plan for ethnological studies in the Pacific on a scale not hitherto 
attempted and has provided funds for the initiation of this re- 
search under the guidance of Yale University and the Bishop 
Museum. 


RESOLVED, That the commendation of this Conference be 
extended to Mr. Dominick for his far-sighted interest and gen- 
erosity and that assurance of good will and cooperation be given 
him. 


SHIPS FOR BAYARD DOMINICK EXPEDITION. 


The Bayard Dominick expedition of the Bishop Museum is 
now in the field and the successful continuation of its work de- 
yends upon obtaining a ship suitable for the navigation of waters 
outside of established trade routes. 

The Conference invites attention of the United States Gov- 
ernment to the benefits likely to result from providing this expe- 
dition with a suitable vessel. 


RESOLUTIONS 31 





ike BIOESGIGA Ea>CIE NCE: 


1. MARINE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


The necessity for conservation of natural resources has be- 
come imperative, since, in the case of the Pacific Ocean, certain 
economic marine species have been exterminatcu and others are 
in peril of extinction or grave depletion. Measures for such con- 
servation must be based on an exact knowledge of the life his- 
tories of marine organisms. Knowledge of the biological, physical, 
and chemical phenomena of the Pacific Ocean is meager and 
wholly inadequate to serve as the basis for rational conservation 
measures; therefore be it 


RESOLVED: 


(a) That the First Pan-Pacific Scientific Conference rec- 
ommends that the governments of the several nations bordering 
on the Pacific Ocean cooperate, through their several agencies 
concerned in surveying and charting the seay toward the col- 
lection, compilation and publication of data relating to the topog- 
raphy of the bottom, and the temperature, salinity, acidity, cur- 
rents, and other physical and chemical properties of the waters of 
this ocean, fundamental to biological research and the improve- 
ment and conservation of the fisheries. 


(b) That the Conference recommends that a comprehensive 
systematic biological survey of the Pacific ocean and its contained 
islands be undertaken, with special reference to the economic fish- 
eries problems and that the investigation be carried on in so far as 
‘possible through existing agencies, such agencies to be provided 
with the additional apparatus and facilities necessary, the investi- 
gation to be carried on under such cooperation as will prevent 
duplication of effort. 

(c) That the Conference recommends that the several mu- 
seums, biological stations, and other institutions engaged in bio- 
logical investigations relating to the Pacific ocean, associate them- 
selves for the purpose of exchanging information concerning 
past, current, and proposed investigations, the exchange of facili- 
ties and personnel, the coordination of work, and the prevention 
of duplication in their respective activities. It is further recom- 
mended that a survey be made of the facilities afforded by the 
several institutions, said survey to cover material, equipment, en- 
vironment, and the personal qualifications of the respective staffs 


32 Pan-PaciFiIc SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





for supplying special information and working up material. It is 
further recommended that the National Research Council of 
Washington, D. C., be invited to undertake or arrange for such 
survey and that a committee of this Conference be appointed to 
represent the interests of the botanical and zoological sections in 
this regard, the committee to be appointed by the Chairman of 
this Conference. 

(d) That the Conference recommends that systematic sta- 
tistics of the fisheries be collected and published annually and’ 
that such statistics be, as far as possible, uniform in character 
and in such detail as to methods of fishing and geographical dis- 
tribution as to make them useful in fisheries administration and 
conservation. It is further recommended that the several gov- 
ernments provide for a joint commission for the arrangement of 
the details of such statistical compilations. 


2, RECOMMENDED INVESTIGATIONS IN MARINE 
BIOLOGY. 


Because of the urgency or importance of certain investiga- 
tions, this Conference 


RECOMMENDS: 


(a) The collection of bottom samples from depths under 20 
fathoms, since these are not usually obtained by deep sea expedi- 
tions and can be readily obtained at anchorage by simple ap- 
paratus. 

(b) The study of the brachiopod faunas above the 1000 
fathom line inasmuch as a knowledge of these Brachiopods sup- 
plies important evidence on the question of former land connec- 
tions. 

(c) A systematic and thorough study of Pacific Ocean 
aleae and of the conditions under which they occur and of the 
part they play in their environment; this could be obtained by 
means already employed for certain parts of the Pacific Ocean 
and would be of great scientific value. 

(d) Because the Hawaiian Islands lie on the margin of the 
tropical seas, and therefore occupy a critical positic.s for the study 
of the ecology of marine organisms, among which corals are im- 
portant; and because data obtained from ecologic investigations 
in this locality would be of value to geologists in interpreting the 
conditions under which fossil faunas lived, the Conference rec- 
ommends a careful study of the ecology of the marine organisms 


RESOLUTIONS 3h 





of the Hawaiian Islands, and particularly a study of the corals 
and of the organisms associated with the corals on the reefs. 


3. LAND FAUNA. 


The part played by living animals in the solution of many 
scientific problems in the Pacific is well recognized. The relation- 
ship of their present to their former areas of distribution and to 
that of extinct allied forms is the key to some of the geological 
problems; they have direct bearing upon many ethnological prob- 
lems and they are the chief source of evidence upon which our 
ideas of evolution must be built. From a knowledge of the land 
fauna follow great economic advantages, such as the protection 
of the human race against many diseases and crops against pests. 

Although in certain continental Pacific areas and some of 
the larger islands the land fauna is fairly well known, yet in none 
is knowledge yet complete, and in some, such as Polynesia, it is 
very deficient. The urgency for this work is great, as large areas 
are rapidly being swept of their native land fauna. Therefore this 
Conference 


RECOMMENDS: 


(a) ‘That surveys, as complete as possible, be made of the 
land fauna, especially of those smaller islands in which the native 
fauna is fast disappearing, or is likely to become extinct in the 
near future. 


(b) That the attention of zoologists be called to recently 
made land areas due to volcanic or other activity and the import- 
ance of the study of ecological development with special reference 
to the appearance of animal life upon such areas. 

(c) That since land mollusks supply information of value 
in zoogeographical researches, material for a comparative study 
of the anatomy of the soft parts of land snails be obtained from all 
the high islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia, and that 
adequate faunistic collections be made on islands the faunas of 
which are not at all or only partially known. 


Ae ORNITHOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF THE, PACIFIC 


This Conference expresses its gratification at the fact that 
arrangements have been made by the American Museum of Nat- 
ural History for the purpose of undertaking and carrying on a 
comprehensive and intensive ornithological survey of the islands 


34 Pan-PAciFfic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





of the Pacific Ocean, particularly those of the South Seas, and 
extends its thanks to those who have made provision for the ex- 
pedition. 


5. COLLECTING POLYNESIAN LAND FLORA. 


Since a definite knowledge of the flora of Polynesia is 
essential to a proper understanding and correlation of numer- 
ous problems bearing on the life and origin of Polynesian 
peoples, problems of forestry, agriculture, ethnobotany, plant dis- 
eases, physiology, and ecology; since the original vegetation of 
some island groups is rapidly being destroyed ; and since botanical 
exploration of Polynesia has been sporadic and in many regions 
incomplete, therefore the First Pan-Pacific Scientific Conference 


RECOMMENDS: 


(a) That botanical exploration of Polynesia be extended 
as rapidly as possible in order to assemble comprehensive collec- 
tions with as complete notes as possible covering the scientific and 
economic aspects of Polynesian botany. 


(b) That this work of exploration be carried on by existing 
agencies, by special botanical expeditions, and by heads of non- 
botanical expeditions employing and supervising native collectors, 
whenever feasible, for the collection and preservation of botanical 
material. 


(c) That material be collected in bulk, from ten to fifteen 
specimens of each species, with the object of distributing dupli- 
cate specimens to Pacific institutions and to the larger botanical 
centers of the world. 


6. PLANT ECOLOGY ON LAVA FLOWS. 


Since new lava flows and other volcanic ejecta offer fresh 
terrane for the abode of life, therefore this Conference 


RECOMMENDS, That studies be made of the stages of eco- 
logical development with special reference to the appearance of 
forms of plant life on new volcanic deposits following an erup- 
tion; and also of plants best suited to the speedy rehabilitation for 
agricultural uses of regions covered by such volcanic ejecta; and 
of the resistance of plants to volcanic fumes. 


RESOLUTIONS 35 





7. PRESERVATION OF THE HILLEBRAND GARDEN 
(HONOLULU) 


Since the botanical garden of the late Dr. William Hille- 
brand, author of the “Flora of the Hawaiian Islands,” situated in 
the city of Honolulu, is one of the most remarkable gardens in 
the world, possessing as it does many unique and rare plants in- 
troduced into the Hawaiian Islands by Dr. Hillebrand, and since 
this Conference believes that the preservation and perpetuation of 
this garden, which is threatened with destruction, would be a 
ereat benefit to botanical science, it recommends that the steps be 
taken to insure the preservation of this garden. 


IVS GCrOURNPEY 


Le LOPOGRAPHICeMAPS: 


The exploration of Pacific regions in many branches of 
science is handicapped by the almost total lack of topographic 
maps. There is scarcely any human activity which does not 
depend to a greater or less degree upon a knowledge of the 
configuration of the land. This is especially true in such work ~ 
as mining, railroad and highway extension, and maintenance, 
and the utilization of water in power development, irrigation, 
and transportation. The natural resources of the world cannot be 
discovered and utilized efficiently without such maps. 

Topographic maps of any given area should be adapted 
in scales, accuracy and details, to the scientific and economic 
needs peculiar to the area. 

The benefits derived from adequate topographic maps are 
far greater than their cost and this Conference urges that a plan 
be made for carrying on a topographic survey of the lands 
of the Pacific regions, and that this plan be designed to give 
uniformity of results. This Conference commends the countries 
of the Pacific region for the work already done by them. 


Ze hy VeOl erie HORKEINE AND COASTAL 
WATERS. 


A general hydrographic survey of the continental shelves 
extending off-shore to the one-thousand fathom curve and of 


36 PAaN-PaciFIc SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





the island platforms should be executed, in order to supply 
basic data essential to all research work involved in the gen- 
eral scientific exploration of the Pacific ocean. 

This survey should establish a system of horizontal and 
vertical control, determine the shore line and adjacent topographic 
features in true geographic position, develop submarine relief, 
collect and describe the materials of the bottom, observe tem- 
perature and salinity, and define vertical and horizontal move- 
ments of the water. The hydrographic bureaus of the na- 
tions of the Pacific, as now organized and operating, need only 
to expand their equipment and extend their field to meet the re- 
quirements of this project. Closer cooperation is desirable in 
the interest of uniformity and to avoid duplication. 

These results, in addition to their bearing upon research 
work, have so great economic value to the shipping, fish- 
eries, and other marine interests that the cost of the survey 
for the collection of the necessary data is relatively insignif- 
cant. It is stated in a recent publication of the United States 
Coast and Geodetic Survey that the vessels wrecked in the 
coastal waters of California, Oregon, and Washington in the 
year 1917 on account of the incompleteness of the charts, in- 
volved a loss which amounted to more than double the esti- 
mated cost of a complete hydrographic survey of those waters. 

This unfinished state of the hydrographic survey along the 
west coast of the United States is not exceptional; few re- 
gions of the Pacific of any considerable extent have been thor- 
oughly surveyed. This Conference makes appreciative acknowl- 
edgment of the notable contributions made to the survey of the 
coastal waters of the Pacific by the several nations bordering 
thereon; but in view of the magnitude of the work and the length 
of time involved in its execution it commends this general project 
and urges its early execution. 


3, USE OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY IN LONGITUDE 
DETERMINATION. 


This Conference commends the use of wireless telegraphy 
for the improvement of determination of the longitude of the 
islands in the Pacific. 


4. MAGNETIC SURVEY. 


The general magnetic survey of the Pacific ocean should be 


RESOLUTIONS 37 





continued to an early conclusion and provision made for such 
additional work as may be needed to determine annual and 
secular changes in the magnetic elements. The field of work 
should be extended to include the coastal waters, where the 
magnetic phenomena are complex, and their determination es- 
sential to many important interests. 

Systematic operations under this project are a comparatively 
recent undertaking; but already excellent results have been 
obtained in the Pacific from the work of the Carnegie Institu- 
tion of Washington. 

The work is of immediate and vital importance to naviga- 
tion and surveying, in addition to its bearing upon the gen- 
eral subject of geophysics, and this Conference hopes that plans 
may be made for a complete magnetic survey of the Pacific 
region and that the work may be expedited. 


Cori yY oLOAl OCEANOGRAPHY. 


Oceanographic investigations yield results which consti- 
tute a basis essential for scientific exploration and research in 
the Pacific region, notably in meteorology, geology, botany, 
and biology. Moreover, such investigations are of importance 
to navigators in disclosing dangers to vessels sailing the ocean 
and are of economic value in enabling vessels to save time and 
fuel in their navigation. 

The present knowledge of the oceanography of the Pacific 
is deficient in every branch and constitutes but a meager array 
of data scattered widely. 

In the oceanographic investigation of the Pacific waters 
the configuration of the bottom should be determined, speci- 
mens of the bottom deposits collected and their thickness and 
stratification revealed, the physical and chemical characteristics 
of the water at different depths and times determined, and the 
horizontal and vertical circulation of the waters observed. 

The field work involved in such investigations must be 
carried on almost entirely by the governmental hydrographic 
organizations of the countries bordering on and contained with- 
in the Pacific ocean, owing to the great expense involved in 
creating new and special agencies, and because the govern- 
mental agencies have the personnel trained in this work. 
Those carrying on oceanographic surveys in the Pacific should 
avail themselves of the services and advice of individuals and 


38 PAN-PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





organizations dealing with those branches of science depending 
upon the results of such surveys. 


This Conference feels that a systematic oceanographic 
investigation of the Pacific should be undertaken as soon as 
possible. The plan adopted should be designed to complete the 
survey of the most critical areas at an early date, and eventu- 
ally of the whole Pacific region. 


Om Mit EOKOLOGY: 


Investigations in meteorology or the physics of the atmos- 
phere designed to lead to an accurate scientific knowledge of 
atmospheric phenomena are of recognized importance. Very 
little is known of the behavior of the upper air over the land, 
and still less over the ocean. The fundamental aspects of 
these phenomena are exhibited in their simplest manner over 
the: greatest of oceans, the Pacific. (Hence it 1s snecessar yaa 
make meteorological observations over the Pacific for use in 
studying the more complex problems over the land. 


Moreover, the collection and prompt dissemination of 
marine meteorological data are of great benefit to humanity in 
carrying on its commerce and in weather forecasting which is 
now limited by a lack of synchronized, uniform meteorological 
data over great areas not within the customary track of 
vessels. 

Observations at the place of origin of typhoons, hurri- 
canes, larger cyclonic and anticyclonic areas, as well as the 
development, dissipation, oscillation, and translation of the 
same, are essential to successful forecasting and the study of 
ocean meteorology. Moreover, the meteorological survey of 
these ocean areas has practical value. Therefore, the governments 
of the countries bordering on the Pacific ocean are invited to con- 
sider carefully these matters with a view to increasing the number 
of meteorological vessel and land stations within the confines 
of this ocean and on its borders, especially the establishment 
of vessel reporting stations in somewhat fixed positions. In 
considering these matters, it is believed that special attention 
should be given to increasing the number of stations in the 
well known “centers of action.” 

The First Pan-Pacific Scientific Conference commends the 
ocean navigation companies and their masters of vessels for the 
valuable assistance they have rendered the meteorological services 


RESOLUTIONS 39 





of several stations and urges them further to cooperate espe- 
cially in the matter of transmitting their weather reports by radio- 
graph as well as by mail. 


jeaeMETE@OROLOGIGALS STATION @ON “MACQUARIE 
ISLAND. 


Since the observations made at the meteorological station 
on Macquarie Island resulted in improvements in the accuracy 
of weather forecasting, this Conference expresses the hope that 
observations at that station, interrupted by the war, may be 
resumed at an early date. 


Cee NOR OROCICALE Sah lON.ONSMAUNAI LOA: 


In view of the fact that Mauna Loa, Island of Hawaii, 
the highest accessible point in the central Pacific, offers excep- 
tional opportunities for the exploration of the upper air, this Con- 
ference recommends that a station of the first order be established 
on its summit for continuous meteorological observations. 


Oeil tig ES: 


The successful operation of the Michelson earth-tide ap- 
paratus at a station in the United States of America has fur- 
nished data from which the knowledge of the physical char- 
acteristics of the interior earth has been increased, and it is 
desirable that earth tide stations be established in the Pacific 
region at widely separated points in order to discover whether 
the physical characteristics vary from place to place. 

This Conference hopes this work will be extended. 


Tope SOS TALICAINY ES TIGA TIONS. 


Investigations in the theory of isostasy have thrown 
much light on the subject of deviation from the normal den- 
sities in the outer portions of the earth, which is of importance 
in the study of geology and in other branches of science. 

Much can be added to our knowledge of isostasy by a mathe- 
matical reduction of existing field data, following well known 
methods, which would involve only slight expense. 

This Conference urges, in the interest of geophysical and 
other sciences, the early reduction of existing geodetic data 


40 Pan-PaciFic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





and the extension of geodetic field work to those regions of 
the Pacific where such data are now lacking. 

This Conference commends the Coast and Geodetic Survey 
of the United States, the Trigonometric Survey of India, and 
the Dominion Observatory of Canada for work they have done in 
isostatic investigations. 


VERGE OLOG YE 


I AGHOLOGIGCAL AMA PS: 


Since it is in the interest of science and of value in the devel- 
opment of the natural resources of the different countries con- 
cerned, be it 

RESOLVED, That the following maps of the Pacine 
region on the international scale of 1:1,000,000 be completed as 
expeditiously as possible: 


(a) A base map showing by contours or hachures as many 
topographic features as practicable. 


(b) A map showing geological formations or groups 
of geological formations. 


(c) A map showing mineral resources. 


2) \GHOLOGICALSoURVEYorOl 7@R TL LAI Gs ile 
ARBAS INTL HE PACIET@ OCH AING 


GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EASTER ISLAND. 


Since a knowledge of the geology of Easter Island might 
throw light on the question of whether there was in past geo- 
logical time a westward extension of the land area of the South 
American continent, be it 


RESOLVED, That it is desirable to have a careful study 
of Easter Island to determine the character and geologic age 
of the rocks composing that island. 


GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 


Since the results of a detailed geological survey of the 
Hawaiian Islands would aid in the solution of many prob- 
lems of the Pacific, region, be- it 


RESOLVED, That this Conference strongly recommends 


RESOLUTIONS 41 





that a geological survey of the Hawaiian Islands be made 
and that appropriate geological maps and descriptive texts be 
published. 


GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SEVERAL SMALL ISLANDS IN EASTERN FIJI. 


Since raised coral atolls with exposed basements of 
bedded limestone or of volcanic material are found in eastern 
Fiji, and since a geological survey of these islands supple- 
inented by reconnaissance work in the neighborhood of Suva 
would be invaluable in the study of the origin of coral 
reefs, and in the elucidation of the geology of the southwest 
Pacific, be it 


RESOLVED, That a topographic and geological survey of 
the several small islands, such as Mango, Thithia, Lakemba, 
Vanua Mbalavu, and Tuvutha be made at the earliest opportu- 
nity, and the results published. 


3. FORM OF OCEAN BOTTOM. 


Because of their importance as supplements to geological 
work on land in determining the structural framework of the 
Pacific region and in interpreting the geological history of 
the region, be it 


RESOLVED: 


(a) That the configuration of the bottom of the Pacific 
ocean be determined with adequate accuracy. 

(b) That charts of the littoral and sub-littoral zones be 
made in all practicable detail; for example, wherever possible 
these charts should be on scales ranging between 1:10,000 
and 1 :40,000. 


Awe > Chi A CHOUS CORRELATION: 


Since such knowledge is essential to the establishment of 
an adequate basis for the stratigraphic correlation of the post- 
Cretaceous formations of the Pacific region, be it 


RESOLVED: 
(a) That in addition to the study of the post-Cretaceous 


stratigraphy and paleontology of the Pacific islands and of the 
land areas on the margins of the Pacific ocean, such work 


42 Pan-PaciFfic SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





also be expedited in the Caribbean region and in the region from 
Burma through the Himalayas to the Mediterranean sea. 

(b) That inventories of the living fauna and flora of the 
Pacific region be prepared at the earliest practicable date. 


5. STUDIES OF SUBAERIAL AND SUBMARINE 
EROSION. 


Since it is coming to be recognized generally that a knowl- 
edge of subaerial and submarine erosion is indispensable to a 
correct interpretation of the history of the continents, the 
continental margins, and the oceanic islands during post- 
Cretaceous time, be it 


RESOLVED: 

(a) That geologists, geographers, seismologists, biologists, 
and others who are interested in the facts of form within the 
Pacific ocean and along its margins devote attention to the study 
of physiographic processes and the forms resultant from such 
processes. 

(b) That geologists and physiographers make special study 
of the physical, chemical, and other properties of igneous and 
sedimentary rocks so as to ascertain the difference in their 
resistance to erosive agents. 

(c) That efforts be made to obtain assistance in furthering 
the study of wave and current erosion, the factors limiting wave 
base, the action of weathering and corrosive agents at the head- 
waters of streams, the forms of stream channels, the form of sea 
cliffs at different stages of development, the action of plants in 
retarding land erosion, and the sequential stages of erosion of 
fault scarps. 


6. STUDIES OF SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES AND 
SEDIMENTARY] ROCKs: 


Since it is generally recognized that the interpretation of 
a large part of the geological record demands a knowledge of 
the processes of sedimentation and the results of these processes 
in the formation of deposits of past geological time, therefore 
be it 


RESOLVED: 


(a) That geologists, oceanographers, geographers, biolo- 


RESOLUTIONS 43 





gists, and others who may be interested devote as much attention 
as possible to the study of modern sediments and the processes by 
which they are formed. . 

(b) That geologists make special studies of the physical, 
chemical, and other properties of sedimentary rocks to ascer- 
tain the conditions under which the deposits were formed 
and the changes that may have taken place in such sediment- 
ary rocks after deposition. 

(c) That all existing agencies be urged to study the phe- 
nomena referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) above, and that 
efforts be: made to increase the number of agencies for the 
prosecution of such investigations. 


Capa LOLOGICAL COOPERATION: 


Since it is desirable that the projects undertaken by the 
different workers in the Pacific region be so selected and so 
designed that each may be supplementary to the rest and so 
contribute to the uniform accumulation of geological informa- 
tion concerning the Pacific region, be it 


RESOLVED, That steps be taken to advise in the plan- 
ning of research, to correlate the efforts of the different work- 
ers, and to promote in such ways as may be proper a uniform 
mode of publication of results. 


le LOR OCEAN DEV OrCANOLOG Y. 


The dominant motive which has appeared in the convention 
of seismologists and volcanologists of the Pacific here gathered 
together for the first time, has been to promote more localized 
and more continuous observation of regional phenomena than has 
hitherto been accomplished in most seismic and volcanic districts. 
On the other hand, there is agreement that precise teleseismic 
triangulation is not a field for amateurs or for stations equipped 
with a multiplicity of inferior and diverse instruments. 

There is urgent need for mutual information, regularly 
supplied by each observer to his distant colleagues, concerning 
volcanic and seismic happenings in each land. The employment 
of mariners and scientific expeditions to collect specimens and 
notes for the volcanologists in remote places may be organized. 

Education of the people in matters of earthquake-proof con- 


44 PaN-PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





struction and safeguards against disaster has been proved to be 
a practicable and effective method of meeting volcanic and seis- 
mic crises. 

Interest has recently developed in the earth tide, changes of 
level about volcanoes, and measurable horizontal and vertical dis- 
placements directly related to earthquakes. These are matters 
for the national geodetic surveys and for geophysical investiga- 
tion of high mathematical precision. 

The consideration of the needs indicated above, namely, local- 
ized work, distribution of information among workers in this field, 
education of the people at large, and the applications of precise 
geophysics has led to the following resolutions: 


1, ESTABLISHMENT OF VOLCANO OBSERVATORIES. 


Useful volcano experiment stations have already been es- 
tablished in some lands, and more volcanologic experience is 
needed for protection against disaster of the increasing popula- 
tions of Pacific countries and for the advance of science; there- 
fore this Conference 


RECOMMENDS the continuance of the present volcano 
observatories and the establishment of new permanent volcano 
observatories in lands about the Pacific; and recommends that 
such a station for maintenance and publication of continuous ob- 
servations should be placed on one or more active volcanoes in 
each important volcanic district. 


2. PROMOTION OF LOCALIZED SEISMOMETRY. 


In addition to the work of existing establishments, the in- 
tensive study of both large and small earthquakes in seismic prov- 
inces by all appropriate physical, geological and other scientific 
methods may lead to important and rapid advancement in geo- 
physical knowledge. This knowledge is of importance tOryeces 
nomic and humanitarian as well as scientific ends. This Confer- 
ence therefore 


COMMENDS the existing institutions, recommends their 
continuance and expansion, and urges early establishment of fur- 
ther specific programs of investigation and continuous observa- 
tion in regional seismology in special seismic districts about the 
Pacific. Timely publication of results is recommended. More- 
over this conference recommends to the National Research 
Council of the United States the establishment of a pro- 





RESOLUTIONS 45 





gram of research in regional seismology in the southwestern 
part of the United States. 


pee U BLICA TION Gray OLUCANOPAND HARTHOUAKE 
INFORMATION. 


The workers in regional seismology and volcanology need 
accurate information about geophysical events in other locali- 
ties than their own; therefore this Conference 


RECOMMENDS, That prompt and authoritative publica- 
tion of current facts and measurements concerning volcanoes, 
earthquakes, submarine eruptions, and tidal waves be an essen- 
tial part of the routine of all Pacific observatories. 


foe RE Cl bee ee iNGeAN Dp epRIANGUUATION IN 
RELATION TO VOLCANOLOGY AND 
SEISMOLOGY. 


Great earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are often pre- 
ceded and followed by elevations, depressions, and horizontal 
displacements in the regions concerned; therefore this Con- 
ference 


RECOMMENDS, That precise leveling and triangulation be 
carried on at definite time intervals, in selected seismic and 
volcanic districts, in order to ascertain precursory and other 
changes in underground stress accompanying great seismic 
and volcanic disturbances. 


COLE CTIONRAN Dare BEICATIONIOR STATISTICS 
ORSEARTHOUAKHS AND ERUPTIONS. 


There is needed for certain Pacific countries more complete 
statistics concerning earthquakes and eruptions; and a com- 
plete list for the world should eventually be maintained; there- 
fore this Conference 


RECOMMENDS, That each Pacific country publish sta- 
tistical lists of local eruptions, earthquakes, tidal waves, and 
other related phenomena; and issue catalogues of active, dor- 
mant and extinct volcanoes, and of local seismic features. 


46 PaN-PACcIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 





6.. CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC BUREAU. 


Dissemination of volcanologic and seismologic knowledge 
will be furthered by working through a body cooperating with 
all Pacific countries; therefore this Conference 

RECOMMENDS the establishment of a central bureau for 
dissemination of scientific knowledge among the volcano and 
earthquake stations of the Pacific. 


7, SAMOAN GEOPHYSICAL STATION. 


This Conference COMMENDS highly the work done at the 
Geophysical Observatory at Apia, Samoa, and expresses the 
hope that the service of that station will be continued. 


8 EDUCATION) OF DWELLERS GN spit Rigi 
LIABLE TO DISASTER. 


Great injury and loss of life to persons and damage to 
human constructions may be caused by earthquakes and vol- 
canic eruptions and may be decreased by general education ; 
therefore this Conference . 

RECOMMENDS, That countries liable to seismic disaster 
educate the people in proper methods of construction, in beha- 
vior during emergencies, and in the history of such catastro- 
phes elsewhere. 








